Description
304 / 1.4301 Stainless Steel Sheet
304 has good heat resistance, corrosion resistance, low temperature strength and mechanical properties, good thermal processing properties such as stamping and bending, and no heat treatment induction phenomenon (non-magnetic, use temperature -96℃-800℃).
304 is used in household products (category 1,2 tableware, kitchen cabinets, indoor pipelines, water heaters, boilers, bathtubs), auto parts, medical utensils, building materials chemistry, food industry, and ship parts.
National brands of 304 Stainless Steel Sheet
| China * GB | GB24511 | 06Cr19Ni10 |
| Japan | JIS | SUS304 |
| United States of America | ASTM | 304 |
| UNS | S30400 | |
| South Korea | KS | STS304 |
| European Union | BSEN | 1.4301 |
| India | IS | 07Cr18Ni9 |
| Australia | AS | 304 |
| Taiwan, China | CNS | 304 |
| Germany | DIN | X5CrNi18-10 |
| United Kingdom | BS970 BS1449 | 304S15 |
| Belgium | BS970Part1 | 304S31 |
Chemical Analysis
Weight % (all values are maximum unless a range is otherwise indicated)
| Element | 304 | 304L |
|---|---|---|
| Chromium | 18.0 min.-20.0 max. | 18.0 min.-20.0 max. |
| Nickel | 8.0 min.-10.5 max. | 8.0 min.-12.0 max. |
| Carbon | 0.08 | 0.030 |
| Manganese | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| Phosphorus | 0.045 | 0.045 |
| Sulfer | 0.030 | 0.030 |
| Silicon | 0.75 | 0.75 |
| Nitrogen | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Iron | Balance | Balance |
Physical Properties
| Density | Thermal Conductivity 212°F (100°C) |
| 0.285 lbs/in3 | 9.4 BTU/hr/ft2/ft/°F |
| 7.90 g/cm3 | 16.3 W/m-°K |
| Specific Heat | Melting Range |
| 0.12 BTU/lb-°F (32 – 212°F) | 25050 – 2590°F |
| 500 J/kg-°K (0 – 100°C) | 1398 – 1421°C |
| Modulus of Elasticity | Electrical Resistivity |
| 29.0 x 106 psi | 29.1 Microhm-in at 68°C |
| 200 GPa | 74 Microhm-cm at 20°C |
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
| Temperature Range | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| °F | °C | in/in °F | cm/cm °C |
| 68-212 | 20-100 | 9.2 x 10-6 | 16.6 x 10-6 |
| 68-932 | 20-500 | 10.6 x 10-6 | 18.2 x 10-6 |
| 68-1600 | 20-870 | 11.0 x 10-6 | 19.8 x 10-6 |
Mechanical Properties
| ASTM | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Typical* | Type 304 | Type 304L | |
| 0.2% Offset Yield Strength, ksi | 42 | 30 min. | 25 min. |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength, ksi | 87 | 75 min. | 70 min. |
| Elongation in 2 inches, % | 58 | 40 min. | 40 min. |
| Reduction in Area, % | 70 | — | — |
| Hardness, Rockwell B | 82 | 92 max. | 92 max. |
*0.375 inch plate
Fabrication Data
Alloy 304/304L can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.
Hot Forming
Working temperatures of 1652–2102°F (750–1150°C) are recommended for most hot working processes. For maximum corrosion resistance, the material should be annealed at 1900°F (1038°C) minimum and water quenched or rapidly cooled by other means after hot working.
Cold Forming
The alloy is quite ductile and forms easily. Cold working operations will increase the strength and hardness of the alloy and might leave it slightly magnetic.
Machining
Alloy 304/304L is subject to work hardening during deformation and is subject to chip breaking. The best machining results are achieved with slower speeds, heavier feeds, excellent lubrication, sharp tooling and powerful rigid equipment.
| Operation | Tool | Lubrication | CONDITIONS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depth-mm | Depth-in | Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||
| Turning | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.5 | .019 | 13-18 | 42.6-59 |
| Turning | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.4 | .016 | 20-25 | 65.6-82 |
| Turning | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 1 | .04 | 0.2 | .008 | 26-31 | 85.3-101.7 |
| Turning | Carbide | Dry or Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.5 | .019 | 75-85 | 246-278.9 |
| Turning | Carbide | Dry or Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.4 | .016 | 90-100 | 295.3-328.1 |
| Turning | Carbide | Dry or Cutting Oil | 1 | .04 | 0.2 | .008 | 110-120 | 360.8-393.7 |
| Depth of cut-mm | Depth of cut-in | Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||
| Cutting | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 1.5 | .06 | 0.03-0.05 | .0012-.0020 | 18-23 | 59-75.5 |
| Cutting | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.04-0.06 | .0016-.0024 | 19-24 | 62.3-78.7 |
| Cutting | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.05-0.07 | .0020-.0027 | 20-25 | 65.6-82 |
| Drill ø mm | Drill ø in | Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||
| Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 1.5 | .06 | 0.02-0.03 | .0007-.0012 | 10-14 | 32.8-45.9 |
| Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 3 | .11 | 0.05-0.06 | .0020-.0024 | 12-16 | 39.3-52.5 |
| Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 6 | .23 | 0.08-0.09 | .0031-.0035 | 12-16 | 39.3-52.5 |
| Drilling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 12 | .48 | 0.09-0.10 | .0035-.0039 | 12-16 | 39.3-52.5 |
| Feed-mm/t | Feed-in/t | Speed-m/min | Speed-ft/min | |||||
| Milling Profiling | High Speed Steel | Cutting Oil | 0.05-0.10 | .002-.004 | 12-22 | 39.4-72.2 | ||
Welding
Alloy 304/304L can be readily welded by most standard processes. A post weld heat treatment is not necessary.
The 304 stainless steel family derived from 304 has excellent surface processing properties. The surface processing commonly used in the market can be applied to 304 series stainless steel.
1. Dry grinding and wire drawing
The most common ones in the market are filaments and short wires. 304 series stainless steel shows good decorative effects after processing such surfaces, which can meet the requirements of general decorative materials. Generally speaking, 304 series stainless steel can form a good effect after a frosting.
Due to the low cost, simple operation, low processing cost, and wide application of this type of processing equipment, it has become a necessary equipment for processing centers. Therefore, most machining centers can provide frosted boards with filaments and short filaments, of which 304 steel accounts for more than 80%.
2. oil mill drawing
The 304 series stainless steel has a perfect decorative effect after oil grinding, and is widely used on decorative panels such as elevators and home appliances. Cold-rolled 304 series stainless steel can generally achieve good results after one frosting pass. At present, there are some machining centers on the market that can provide oily frosted processing of hot-rolled stainless steel, and its effect is comparable to cold-rolled oil milling.
Oily drawing is also divided into filament and short filament. Elevator decoration generally uses filament, and there are two types of lines such as various small household appliances and kitchen utensils.
3. 8K processing
304 series stainless steel is obviously better than 200 series stainless steel in 8K processing. The cold-rolled surface of 2B is polished by 8K. Generally, a mirror effect can be achieved after one pass of processing. At present, the 8K grinding process with nitric acid and iron oxide red is low in price, and the cost of the value equipment itself is low, so the overall grinding cost is low and has been widely promoted.
4. titanium
The choice of high-end decoration materials has a gorgeous effect. 304 series stainless steel has been used in titanium decoration for a long time, and is widely used in elevators and building decoration materials.
304 series stainless steel is widely used in various decorative materials due to its excellent surface processing performance, and its corrosion resistance is strong. Today, the rapid growth of 200 series and 400 series stainless steels, 304 series stainless steel is still strong in the surface decoration material industry. It firmly occupies a large share and is the first stainless steel for customers.
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